Surveillance on pinworm infection among rural children in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of pinworm infection in rural children aged 3-9 years in Anhui Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of pinworm disease.@*Methods@#According to the National Surveillance Program of Liver Fluke Disease and Soil Transmitted Nematodiasis(Trial), no less than 10% counties(cities and districts) in Anhui Province were selected as mobile surveillance sites every year. Each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas on the basis of geographical location(east, west, south, north and middle), from each of the areas, one administrative village was selected from one township(town, community) for conducting surveillance. Children at age 3-9 years from each site were examined for pinworm infection with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method. Chi square test was used to compare the infection rate.@*Results@#From 2017 to 2021, the 5 year average infection rate of pinworm in rural Anhui was 1.34%(128/9 557), and there was no significant difference in the infection rate over the years( P >0.05). The detection rates of the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method were 0.28% and 1.23%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=72.97, P <0.01). In different regions, the 5 year average infection rate of Fuyang City was the highest(4.27%), and the rate of each city was positively correlated with the number of local resident population( r =0.54, P <0.05). There was no significant sex difference in the 5 year average infection rates( P >0.05). The 5 year average infection rate of children aged 3 to 9 years in rural areas were 0.62%, 1.10%, 1.44%, 1.57%, 0.94%, 2.09% and 1.57%, respectively, showed an increasing trend with the increase of age( χ 2=14.41, χ 2 trend =6.70, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the average infection rate between scattered children and collectively living children( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#From 2017 to 2021, the infection rate of pinworm among children in rural Anhui province remains at a low level. In the future, health education and monitoring should be strengthened.

Thermal stability of neuraminidase in influenza vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：Objective To analyze the stabilities of neuraminidase（NA）in influenza vaccine at different temperatures and provide a reference for further complete understanding of overall shelf life of vaccines. Methods Monovalent bulks of influenza H1N1，H3N2 and B vaccines were stored at 4（low temperature），25（room temperature）and 37 ℃（changed temperature）for 0. 5，2，7，24 and 48 h separately，using that at 100 ℃（extreme temperature）for 1 h as control，and determined for NA activity by enzyme⁃linked lectin method. Results The NA activities of influenza H1N1 vaccines stored at 25 and 37 ℃ decreased significantly with the increasing of time. No significant decreases were observed in H3N2 and B vaccines even after storage at two non⁃storage temperatures for 48 h. However，all the NA activities of three vaccines decreased at 100 ℃. Conclusion Both H3N2 and B vaccines showed high stability at abnormal storage temperatures not more than 37 ℃，while H1N1 vaccine was relatively sensitive to the temperature for storage.

Protective effect of Guanxin Danshen formula on myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in rats

Purpose: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) leads to myocardial tissue necrosis, which will increase the size of myocardial infarction. The study examined the protective effect and mechanism of the Guanxin Danshen formula (GXDSF) on MIRI in rats. Methods: MIRI model was performed in rats; rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were hypoxia-reoxygenated to establish a cell injury model. Results: The GXDSF significantly reduced myocardial ischemia area, reduced myocardial structural injury, decreased the levels of interleukin (IL-1ß, IL-6) in serum, decreased the activity of myocardial enzymes, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione in rats with MIRI. The GXDSF can reduce the expression of nucleotide- binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1ß, caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in myocardial tissue cells. Salvianolic acid B and notoginsenoside R1 protected H9C2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia and reoxygenation injury and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the cell supernatant, decreasing the NLRP3, IL-18, IL-1ß, caspase-1, and GSDMD expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. GXDSF can reduce the myocardial infarction area and alleviate the damage to myocardial structure in rats with MIRI, which may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3. Conclusion: GXDSF reduces MIRI in rat myocardial infarction injury, improves structural damage in myocardial ischemia injury, and reduces myocardial tissue inflammation and oxidative stress by lowering inflammatory factors and controlling focal cell death signaling pathways.

Expression of phosphoglycerate-mutase 1 in colorectal cancer tissues and its effects on the prognosis and malignant biological behaviors of cancer cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨结直肠癌（CRC）组织中磷酸甘油酸变位酶1（PGAM1）的表达及其与患者预后的关系，研究PGAM1对CRC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法：选择2003年3月至2008年11月间在天津医科大学肿瘤医院手术切除的30例CRC患者的肿瘤组织标本及临床资料，采用免疫组织化学染色法检测CRC组织中PGAM1蛋白的表达，分析PGAM1表达与患者临床病理特征的关系，Kaplan-Meier生存分析法比较PGAM1高表达与低表达患者的OS、PFS来评价PGAM1表达与患者预后的关系。利用RNA干扰技术分别将si-PGAM1及si-NC质粒转染至HCT-116和SW480细胞，WB法检测转染细胞中PGAM1蛋白的表达水平，CCK-8、Transwell实验分别检测敲低PGAM1对CRC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。结果：30例CRC组织中PGAM1阳性染色定位于CRC细胞的细胞质，其中33.3%（10/30例）呈高表达。虽然PGAM1高表达与CRC患者年龄、性别、组织学类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移及临床TNM分期无关（均P>0.05），但是PGAM1高表达与低表达患者相比其OS、PFS显著缩短。在CRC细胞中敲低PGAM1后，细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均显著降低（均P<0.05）。结论：CRC组织中PGAM1呈高表达，PGAM1高表达的患者预后较差；敲低PGAM1后细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力均显著降低，提示PGAM1可能是CRC患者预后的生物标志物。

Research progress on the application of Er: YAG laser removing all-ceramic restorations / 口腔疾病防治

@#All-ceramic restorations are widely used in oral restoration because of their beauty and high strength. Glass ceramics and zirconia all-ceramic materials are the two most widely used all-ceramic materials in the clinic. However, when all-ceramic restorations need to be removed due to marginal microleakage and secondary caries, its high strength and high bonding strength greatly increase the difficulty of removal. In recent years, clinicians have tried to use Er: YAG lasers to remove all-ceramic restorations. The Er: YAG laser can be safely and efficiently applied to the removal of glass restorations, and it can also play a role in thinner zirconia restorations. Various factors, such as the material and thickness of the all-ceramic restoration, the type of cement, and the laser power, can affect the speed of removal of the Er: YAG laser. However, the current research is limited to case reports and in vitro studies, lacking systematic clinical research. The specific mechanism of Er: YAG laser removal of all-ceramic restorations and the influence of laser frequency, adhesive type, and abutment on the removal speed need to be further demonstrated by follow-up research.

Studies of Mucosal Irritation and Cellular Uptake Mechanisms of Xingnaojing Nanoemulsion

Abstract Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection was used to treat pneumonia and stroke in clinic in China, but with poor patient compliance. Xingnaojing nanoemulsion for intranasal delivery was developed to improve it. This article tried to evaluate the mucosal irritation of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion and investigate cellular uptake mechanism of its encapsulated lipophilic drugs. The toad palate model and rat nasal mucosa model were used to study the nasal ciliotoxicity and nasal mucosal irritation of nanoemulsion to evaluate its safety intranasally. The cellular uptake mechanism was studied by Calu-3 cell model. Coumarin 6 was encapsulated in nanoemulsion and the endocytic pathways were studied by cellular uptake experiments after being treated with different inhibitors. In toad palate model, the cilia movement of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion group last for 467.40 ± 39.02 min, which was obviously longer than deoxycholate group (90.60 ± 15.40 min). Studies on rats showed that the damage caused by nanemulsion is capable of being recovered. Nanoemulsion uptake was reduced obviously when cells were treated with wortmannin, and it also decreased about 13% when the temperature reduced from 37ºC to 4ºC. Mucosal irritation caused by nanoemulsion is low and the damage is recoverable. The cellular uptake of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion is energy-dependent, and macropinocytosis was the most important pathway for cellular uptake.

Implications of lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 expression in the periodontium of diabetic rats

Abstract Objectives Diabetes has been strongly associated with periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are closely associated with various diseases caused by abnormal ECM functions, however, the role of LOXs in periodontal diseases induced by diabetes remains unclear. Methodology In this study, 8-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. After 9 and 16 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results After 9 weeks, loose collagen fibers were found in the interradicular area of the diabetic group, in opposition to the control group. There were no significant differences in LOX expression between the diabetic and control groups (p>0.05). However, after 16 weeks, the diabetic group presented a disordered arrangement of the PDL, showing decreased collagen content and significantly increased lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 (LOXL3) expression when compared with the control group (p<0.05). This suggests that LOXL3 plays a significant role in periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our study showed elevated LOXL3 expression in the PDL of diabetic rats after 16 weeks, suggesting that LOXL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. LOXL3 could be further used as an indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic periodontitis in T2DM patients in clinical settings.

An Overview of Fermentation Technology Evolution and Process Control of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The historical evolution， fermentation technology and key links of Sojae Semen Praeparatum （SSP） were sorted out by consulting ancient books and modern literature， and the influencing factors and control methods of quality were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for the quality control of SSP. After analysis， it was found that in the fermentation process of SSP， fermentation strains， miscellaneous bacteria， temperature and humidity were all important factors affecting the quality of SSP. The condition control of "post fermentation" process has been paid more attention to in the past dynasties. In addition， the delicious SSP recognized in ancient times should be made from mold fermentation， and the breeding and application of fermented mold may be the key point to solve the quality problem of SSP. Therefore， based on the evaluation indexes of SSP in the past dynasties， it is of great significance to study and optimize the technological conditions such as strain， temperature and humidity in depth to improve the quality of SSP.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Paullinia cupana Dried Seeds by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The chemical constituents in guarana （<italic>Paullinia cupana</italic> dried seeds） were systematically analyzed to provide a basis for further research， development and utilization of this plant. Method:The contents of crude protein， crude fat， crude polysaccharide and crude fiber in guarana were determined according to national standards and related documents， and the chemical constituents of guarana was qualitatively analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， ACQUITY UPLC-HSS-T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was used with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution （B） as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-5 min， 2%-10%B； 5-6 min， 10%-20%B； 6-9 min， 20%-30%B； 9-9.5 min， 30%-35%B； 9.5-10.5 min， 35%-45%B； 10.5~13 min， 45%-55%B； 13-15 min， 55%-80%B； 15-19 min， 80%-98%B； 19-20 min， 98%B； 20-20.3 min， 98%-2%B； 20.3-23 min， 2%B）， the electrospray ionization （ESI） was used for detection in positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 50-1 500， and the structure was identified according to the relative molecular weight and fragment information combined with database matching and comparison of reference substances. Result:The contents crude protein， crude fat， crude polysaccharide and crude fiber in guarana were （0.63±0.03）%， （2.73±0.09）%， （3.23±0.12）% and （8.89±0.59）%， respectively. A total of 42 chemical constituents in guarana were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS， including 3 methylxanthines， 2 nucleosides， 1 amino acid， 3 organic acids， 33 flavonoids， 3 （<italic>L</italic>-tryptophan， epigallocatechin gallate， daidzein） of which were first discovered in guarana. Conclusion:Guarana is rich in nutrients and has good potential to be developed as a functional food. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique provides a simple， rapid and accurate method for the identification of chemical constituents in guarana. Methylxanthines and proanthocyanidins are the main chemical constituents of guarana， which is meaningful for quality evaluation and material basis of guarana.

Clinical effect of a guided resin cementation technique in the treatment of vertical food impaction / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore the clinical effect of a guided resin cementation technique on vertical food impaction symptoms and to provide a new method for the treatment of vertical food impaction. @* Methods @#Treatment of 76 patients with vertical food impaction with guided resin cementation was performed. A specially fabricated contact shaping wire was used to aid the shaping of the contact. Cementation was applied under a rubber dam with the total-etch technique with flowable composite resin. Patient subjective perception was recorded after treatment (i.e., “totally relieved”=3, “significantly improved”=2, “slightly improved”=1 and “no change”=0). Follow-up visits lasted for one year. Scores of 1 to 3 were recorded as effective. The efficiency rates at different times were calculated. @*Results@#Patient subjective perceptions scored 2.47, 2.21, 1.79, 1.30 and 0.97 on the day immediately after and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, respectively. There were significant differences among scores at each time point (P<0.01). The Efficacy rate reached 91.78% immediately after treatment and was sustained above 50% within half a year. Management of resin debonding or fracture successfully relieved the symptoms again.@*Conclusion@#The guided resin cementation technique relieves vertical food impaction symptoms immediately, and the effect of the guided resin cementation technique is maintained for a short period of time. Management of resin debonding or fracture helps consolidate treatment outcomes.

A novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface of titanium enhances adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To design a novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface on endosseous titanium implants and investigate its effect on the biological activity of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.@*Methods@#Electrochemical anodization and spark plasma sintering were used to modify smooth titanium (untreated Ti group) with a microporous trabecular bone-like architecture (micro-Ti group) and TiO2 nanotube architecture (nano-TiO2 group). Additionally, electrochemical anodization was employed to prepare TiO2 nanotubes on microporous trabecular bone-like architectures, which formed a novel biomimetic hierarchical interface (micro/nano-TiO2 group). Four groups of titanium samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA). Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) were seeded on four groups of titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe cell morphology. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The expression of focal adhesion proteins (F-actin; vinculin; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN) were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; collagen I, COL I) were assessed by qRT-PCR.@*Results@# The micro/nano- TiO2 group featured a hydrophilic surface (CA=9° ± 2.1°). The results of the MTT assay indicated that the relative cell proliferation rates for the nano- TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples were significantly increased compared with those for the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001) after 5-9 days. The ALP results indicated that the micro/nano-TiO2 sample gained the highest value at 14 days. After 72 h of incubation, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. After 24 h incubation, the expression of F-actin on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. In comparison with untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples,the mRNA expression levels of all the osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; Collagen I, COL I) were markedly increased on the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples, the mRNA expression levels of collagen I (COL I) were significantly different between the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples versus the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001). @* Conclusion@#The novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface has a positive effect on cell attachment, viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.

Nicotine promotes the development of oral leukoplakia via regulating peroxiredoxin 1 and its binding proteins

Tobacco can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production extensively in cells, which is a major risk factor for oral leukoplakia (OLK) development. Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is a key antioxidant protein, upregulated in a variety of malignant tumors. We previously found that nicotine, the main ingredient of tobacco, promotes oral carcinogenesis via regulating Prx1. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify the Prx1 interacting proteins and investigate the mechanisms of nicotine on the development of OLK. Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine. CFL1, TPM3, and PPP2R1A were highly expressed in human OLK tissues. The expression of CFL1 increased and the expression of PPP2R1A decreased in OLK of smokers compared to that in OLK of non-smokers. Nicotine upregulated CFL1 and downregulated PPP2R1A in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK tissues in mice in part dependent on Prx1. Furthermore, the in-situ interaction of CFL1, TPM3, and PPP2R1A with Prx1 were validated in human OLK tissues. Our results suggested that tobacco might promote the development of OLK via regulating Prx1 and its interacting proteins CFL1 and PPP2R1A.

Literature-based analysis of conversion of components in fermentation process of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国中药杂志

Based on the systematic retrieval and the reported components of Sojae Semen Nigrum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum, this study conducted in-depth analysis of conversion of components in the fermentation process, and discussed types and possible mec-hanisms of conversion of chemical components, so as to provide the basis for studying technology, medicinal ingredients and quality standards. According to the analysis, there is a certain degree of conversion of nutrients(like protein, sugar, lipid), bioactive substances(like isoflavones, saponins, γ-aminobutyric acid) and other substances(like nucleosides, melanoids, biamines, etc) in the process of fermentation.

Study on degradation of silkworm excrement chemical components in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this article is to study the degradation of chemical compositions after the silkworm excrement being expelled from the silkworm, and to determine its main metabolic compositions and their changing relationships. This research is based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Based on the systematic analysis of the main chemical compositions contained in silkworm excrement, the principal compositions analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) on commercial silkworm excrement and fresh silkworm excrement were analyzed for differences. The S-plot chart of OPLS-DA was used to select and identify the chemical compositions that contributed significantly to the difference. At the same time, the relative peak areas of the different compositions were extracted by Masslynx to obtain the relative content of different compositions in fresh silkworm excrement. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the chemical compositions between fresh silkworm excrement and commercial silkworm excrement. The difference compositions were mainly flavonoid glycosides and Diels-Alder type composition, and two types of compounds are degradated during the storage of silkworm sand. In this study, the chemical compositions of fresh silkworm excrement were systematically identified and analyzed for the first time by mass spectrometry, and it was found that some chemical compositions of silkworm excrement were degradated with time during storage.

Resveratrol inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats

Abstract Purpose To examine effects of resveratrol on renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury (I/R) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Methods Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with STZ injection for the development of diabetes, and divided into the following groups: Sham group, I/R group and Resveratrol group (n=8). Resveratrol (RSV) was administered at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 fourteen days prior to suffering from I/R. Renal function, histology, SOD, MDA, TUNEL assay and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB-P65, COX-2 and Caspase3, Bcl2 and Bax were analyzed. Results Administration of RSV significantly reduced the serum levels of renal dysfunction and injury markers, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and MDA; in the other hand, it significantly increased the serum levels of SOD. The protective effect of RSV was also reflected on histologic evaluation. RSV reduced the number of apoptotic cells as determined by TUNEL assay. RSV significantly reduced the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB-P65, COX-2 and Caspase3, and Bax. Meanwhile, RSV significantly increased the protein expression of Bcl2. Conclusion RSV attenuated I/R-induced renal injury in diabetic rats through the modulation of oxidative stress and TNF-α-stimulated inflammation.

ß-Catenin: oncogenic role and therapeutic target in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a common and fatal malignancy of the female reproductive system. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causal agent for cervical cancer, but HPV infection alone is insufficient to cause the disease. Actually, most HPV infections are sub-clinical and cleared spontaneously by the host immune system; very few persist and eventually develop into cervical cancer. Therefore, other host or environmental alterations could also contribute to the malignant phenotype. One of the candidate co-factors is the ß-catenin protein, a pivotal component of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. ß-Catenin mainly implicates two major cellular activities: cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. Recent studies have indicated that an imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of ß-catenin leads to various cancers, such as cervical cancer. In this review, we will systematically summarize the role of ß-catenin in cervical cancer and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies.

Comparison of smoking status of middle school students during 2012 to 2017 in Quzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the change of smoking status among middle school students in Quzhou City from 2012 to 2017, and to provide a basis for school tobacco control.@*Methods@#Through stratified cluster sampling method, Zhejiang youth health-related behavior questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 454 students in May 2012 and among 1 655 students in May 2017.@*Results@#Among middle school students in Quzhou, attempting smoking rate, ever-smoking a whole cigarette reporting rate and current-smoking report rate decreased from 31.36%, 17.81% and 8.73% in 2012 to 21.70%,12.45% and 6.22% in 2018 respectively, with statistically significant differences(χ2=37.30,17.52,7.12,P<0.01). Among the current-smoking students, the rate of smoking frequency≥20 d/month and heavy-smoking rate decreased from 30.71% and 7.09% in 2012 to 15.53% and 0.97% respectively. It showed that attempting smoking rate, ever-smoking a whole cigarette reporting rate and current-smoking report rate of male students were higher than that of female students(χ2=117.50,63.99;47.14,51.26;110.18,22.50), and the non-ordinary high school students were higher than that of ordinary high school students and middle school students across two waves surveillance(χ2=47.14,51.26;70.34,43.77;62.67,22.50)(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#School tobacco control have made a great progress，the tobacco use behavior of middle school students declines sharply in Quzhou.

Research progress on the T cell receptor CDR3 spectral sequence of periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue initiated by plaque microorganisms, and its pathogenesis and progression are closely related to the immune response of the host, in which T cells play an important role in the periodontitis immune response. This article will start with the T cell immune response and the characteristics of the T cell receptor complementarity-determining region 3 (TCR CDR3) spectrum and will review the relationship between the characteristics of the TCR CDR3 spectrum and the pathogenesis of periodontitis to provide some new ideas for the studies of pathogenesis and the clinical personalized treatment of periodontitis. The study on the TCR CDR3 spectrum of periodontitis by reviewing the literature suggests that there is an oligoclonal accumulation of T cells and biased access of Variable (V) and Joining (J) genes in local lesions of periodontitis; moreover, the repeated use of nucleotide sequences and a conservative amino acid motif were found in the CDR3 region, which suggests that the characteristics of the TCR CDR3 group library play an important role in the immune pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Clinical value of hysteroscopy with narrow-band imaging in diagnosis of different endometrial lesions / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the clinical value of hysteroscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) in diagnosis of different endometrial lesions. Methods 148 patients suffered from abnormal uterine bleeding with hysteroscopy examination and observed under hysteroscopy with ordinary white light and the NBI model respectively. Suspicious lesions targeted biopsy and gave pathological examination. With pathological diagnosis as a golden standard, it evaluated the value of hysteroscopy with NBI in different type of endometrial lesions. Results Low-risk type of endometrial lesions gave priority to type II microvascular and high-risk type of endometrial lesions gave priority to type III ~ IV microvascular. Sensitivity of low-risk endometrial lesions under white light and NBI modes was 65.52% and 86.21% respectively (χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.009), the difference was statistically significant in the two modes. The diagnosis of endometrial lesions low-risk type with NBI mode had medium consistency compared with the pathological diagnosis (Kappa value was 0.617). Under white light and the NBI modes, the accuracy rate of diagnosis in high-risk endometrial lesions was 81.08% and 89.86% respectively (χ2 = 4.60, P = 0.032), sensitivity was 57.14%and 92.86% respectively (χ2 = 14.29, P = 0.000), negative predictive value was 84.21% and 96.91% (χ2 = 9.43, P = 0.002), the difference was statistically significant in the two modes. The specificity was 90.57% and 88.68%respectively (χ2 = 0.20, P = 0.652), positive predictive value was 70.59% and 76.47% (χ2 = 0.37, P = 0.544). There was no significantly difference between the two modes. The diagnosis of endometrial lesions in high-risk pattern with NBI mode had good consistency with pathological diagnosis (Kappa value was 0.766). Conclusion NBI can observe mucosal surface and deep microvascular morphology clearly. It could reduce the missed diagnosis of low-risk type of endometrial lesions and improve the accuracy in diagnosis of high-risk type of endometrial lesions with NBI mode. NBI is a novel and valuable technique in the diagnosis of different endometrial lesions.

Advances in the treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·Retinal angiomatous proliferation ( RAP) , also known as"type 3 neovascularization", is a well - recognized variation of neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( nARMD ) . Neovascularization is the basic pathological characteristic. Current view on the origin of the neovascularization is the deep retinal capillaries. The main clinical features include retinal pigment epithelium detachment( PED) and reticular pseudodrusen. These two features have close relation to the retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) tear and geographic atrophy ( GA ) , respectively, which may ultimately result in severe irreversible visual impairment. The disease has a rapid natural course and the majority of patients in early stage can develop into vision loss within 6mo. However, classical therapeutic managements, such as laser therapy, have limited efficacy and poor prognosis. Recently, RAP has been further understood with the application of OCT angiography and other new technologies in diagnosing, staging and monitoring RAP. Varieties of research on intravitreal injection of anti -vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) treatment to RAP have also revealed its promising results and proved its safety as well as effectiveness. All these have provided new knowledge on choosing the optimal treatment regimen in clinical.